PythonTypeError：Only size-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars
import math import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.plot(x, y) r = np.arange(0, 1, 0.01) T_0 = pow(math.sqrt(1-pow(r,2)),-1) L_0 = math.sqrt(1-pow(r,2))
And the error message appears
TypeError: only size-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars
Change the math package to the numpy package
import numpy as np ... T_0 = pow(np.sqrt(1-pow(r,2)),-1) #error list L_0 = np.sqrt(1-pow(r,2)) #error list